Perhaps for many it will be a shock to find out, but the customs of no country in the world ever checks insurance, passports, debts, visas, whether you are blacklisted for entry or exit, etc. Contrary to the general misconception, which, by the way, can be found even on reputable travel sites and blogs of "professional" travelers, customs officers do not deal with such issues. They are not interested in people crossing the border at all, since customs only controls the movement of goods, goods, things, transport, and other inanimate objects across the border. Even if you are interested in this department when crossing the green or red corridors at the Border, your passport will be asked last of all, and then only if they find something prohibited for transportation, smuggling, for example. And your insurance or visa is not interesting to any of the employees at all.
Your foreign passports, debts, valid visas, insurance, powers of attorney for the departure of children and other documents necessary to cross the border are actually checked by the border service. In Russia, this division of the FSB is the border service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation. In other countries, this function is performed by other departments, often even military, but not customs officers.
Whatever it was and whatever the customs checked, at passport control when leaving Russia you may well not be released due to the presence of debts. You can find out about the presence of debt in advance of the trip on the official website of the FSSP fssp.gov.ru or through a specialized service.